Moffatt (2021) [1] discusses the two main and complementary approaches to solve the regularity problem.

The view by pure mathematicians on the turbulence models is best summarized by Lemarie-Rieusset (2016) as follows:

View of large scales and small scale fluid parcels by Lemarie-Rieusset (2018):

| [1] Moffatt, H. K. (2021). Some topological aspects of fluid dynamics. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 914. | |
| [2] Lemarié-Rieusset, P. G. 2016 The Navier–Stokes Problem in the XXIst Century. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Chapman & Hall. |
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